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Seed banks

Citizen garden

Introduction

Collection of testimonies from elders on the use of plants in rural areas during the 20th century. These stories are specific to a local culture and are part of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH).

Activity Topic

Cultural heritage

Organisation

Conservatoire des Légumes Anciens du Béarn

Legal Status

NGO

Year of Establishment

2013

Location

3bis route du Bois 64510 Assat

The vegetable garden project was set up in 2013 to support the training of adults undergoing reintegration and wishing to work in the field of horticulture. At the end of 2014, on the basis of the work done, the association decided to make this mixed garden (i.e. where shrubs, flowers, medicinal plants and vegetables coexist) also an outreach space for schools and the general public. In 2019, CLAB raised awareness among almost 4,000 people about the importance of protecting plant diversity through its traditional seed conservation activities local. From five people who launched the project in 2013, CLAB has grown into an association with 386 members, including 30 active volunteers. The association regularly organises various events and training courses on site and is part of other projects, such as the international Gardeniser project, funded by Erasmus+. It is also a civil service and produces its own products from the things grown in the garden, which are sold in its own shop on the premises. Among the many activities of the association, the aim of preserving the biodiversity of the conservation garden, in which traditional local species have the main place, seems relevant to me.

Activity Description

Aims and Outcomes

CLAB conserves ancient seeds, reproduces them and disseminates them throughout the territory thanks to the direct sale of plants that are not available on the market, such as the „Maite“ tomato, a species that was in its president’s familys since generations. Its activity contributes to countering the expropriation of the seed heritage, which today has become rather a monopoly of a few agrochemical multinationals. An expropriation that has harmful consequences: cultivated species are decreasing, farmers are increasingly tied to large and small companies for their purchase.

Furthermore, the worldwide spread of industrial agriculture has eroded biodiversity. ‘Local varieties’ in particular have suffered. The loss of biodiversity then affects the spread of plant diseases, nutritional quality and increased resilience to the climate crisis. These are the motivations for the establishment of CLAB.

The great work done by CLAB could evolve into a seed exchange centre for local varieties. This would achieve multiple social and community purposes such as self-organisation, the development of collective responsibility in the management of seeds needed by the community itself, in an exchange relationship with other similar experiences in the area.
Favouring the return of seed exchange as a customary practice in rural seed culture and economy is undoubtedly an element that refers to self-production of food and, thus, subsistence.

Advantages and Benefits

Through this practice, CLAB also aims to promote access for all to the knowledge of the garden and the history of garden and vegetable culture, with a focus on the Bearn region.
One of the long-term goals is to increase knowledge and awareness in all people who visit it, and to contribute to an inclusive society in connection with a broader social movement interested in practices for maintaining biodiversity and building food sovereignty. A collective community space is thus created, for peasant seeds cannot be maintained by one person alone, but must be exchanged.
It is a collective domestication, often trans-generational… It is an expression of a social heritage and savoir-faire. Preserving a seed also means recovering the local culture related to it and giving it back a place and meaning in today’s life.

“The bonds uniting plants and man are inseparable: they have fed, clothed, cared for, poisoned them…. They have enabled the manufacture of tools, wicker objects or musical instruments. All these stories are part of our cultural heritage and must be accessible to all’.
The conservation and exchange of seeds and plants derived from traditional seeds

Required Competences and Skills

Creating a heritage seed bank requires skills in agriculture, conservation, research, and management. Knowledge of seed biology, including germination and viability, is essential. Understanding heirloom and landrace varieties helps preserve traditional crops suited to local climates. Proper storage techniques such as drying, freezing, or vacuum-sealing ensure long-term seed preservation. Effective project management, including budgeting and fundraising, supports seed bank sustainability. Digital documentation and record-keeping help track seed inventories. By combining these competencies, a heritage seed bank can protect agricultural diversity, ensure food security, and protect traditional seeds for future generations.

Evaluation

Seed bank data quality control is essential for maintaining accurate records and ensuring seed viability. This involves tracking characteristics, germination rates, and storage conditions. Regular checks can identify issues such as low viability or contamination early on. While digital databases can help to improve organization and accessibility, errors like missing or inconsistent data can occur. It is advised to adhere to clear guidelines and to conduct routine data reviews to help maintain reliability. A robust evaluation process ensures the seed bank’s effectiveness and the provision of high-quality seeds for future use.

Conclusions

Gathering traditional and ancestral knowledge is essential for preserving cultural heritage and promoting sustainable living. It keeps unique traditions, languages, and practices alive, ensuring they are passed down to future generations. This knowledge also provides valuable insights into sustainable farming, natural medicine, and environmental conservation, offering time-tested solutions to modern challenges. By recognizing its importance, communities can maintain a strong connection to their roots while adapting to changing times. Embracing this wisdom helps people live more harmoniously with nature and each other. Preserving and sharing it is not just about the past—it’s a key to a more sustainable future.

Advice / Recommendation

To successfully replicate the seed bank, here are some steps that can be followed:

  • Definition of the purpose: Clearly outline the reasons for establishing a seed house in your community.
  • Building of a network: Gather local associations, interested individuals, and those with seed experience to discuss and decide on a management structure.
  • Establishment of a collective responsibility: Everyone involved shares ownership and commits to sowing seeds, participating in local and regional exchanges, and contributing to management needs.
  • Assessment of the seed needs: Identify both immediate and future seed requirements.
  • Inventory of the existing seeds: Catalog the varieties and quantities of seeds available within the local community using descriptive sheets.
  • Documentation off seed management techniques: Record current seed storage and handling practices, including drying, storing, and any biological or phytosanitary treatments used. Ensure at least one facility is available for these operations and determine whether a centralized or decentralized management model is best suited for seed distribution.

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